snapper: fix delayed snapshots caused by system suspend/resume

See explainer comment in periodic.go for details.

fixes https://github.com/zrepl/zrepl/issues/611

util/suspendresumesafetimer/suspendresumesafetimer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package suspendresumesafetimer
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/zrepl/zrepl/util/envconst"
+)
+
+// The returned error is guaranteed to be the ctx.Err()
+func SleepUntil(ctx context.Context, sleepUntil time.Time) error {
+
+	// We use .Round(0) to strip the monotonic clock reading from the time.Time
+	// returned by time.Now(). That will make the before/after check in the ticker
+	// for-loop compare wall-clock times instead of monotonic time.
+	// Comparing wall clock time is necessary because monotonic time does not progress
+	// while the system is suspended.
+	//
+	// Background
+	//
+	// A time.Time carries a wallclock timestamp and optionally a monotonic clock timestamp.
+	// time.Now() returns a time.Time that carries both.
+	// time.Time.Add() applies the same delta to both timestamps in the time.Time.
+	// x.Sub(y) will return the *monotonic* delta if both x and y carry a monotonic timestamp.
+	// time.Until(x) == x.Sub(now) where `now` will have a monotonic timestamp.
+	// So, time.Until(x) with an `x` that has monotonic timestamp will return monotonic delta.
+	//
+	// Why Do We Care?
+	//
+	// On systems that suspend/resume, wall clock time progresses during suspend but
+	// monotonic time does not.
+	//
+	// So, suppose the following sequence of events:
+	//   x <== time.Now()
+	//   System suspends for 1 hour
+	//   delta <== time.Now().Sub(x)
+	// `delta` will be near 0 because time.Until() subtracts the monotonic
+	// timestamps, and monotonic time didn't progress during suspend.
+	//
+	// Now strip the timestamp using .Round(0)
+	//   x <== time.Now().Round(0)
+	//   System suspends for 1 hour
+	//   delta <== time.Now().Sub(x)
+	// `delta` will be 1 hour because time.Sub() subtracted wallclock timestamps
+	// because x didn't have a monotonic timestamp because we stripped it using .Round(0).
+	//
+	//
+	sleepUntil = sleepUntil.Round(0)
+
+	// Set up a timer so that, if the system doesn't suspend/resume,
+	// we get a precise wake-up time from the native Go timer.
+	monotonicClockTimer := time.NewTimer(time.Until(sleepUntil))
+	defer func() {
+		if !monotonicClockTimer.Stop() {
+			// non-blocking read since we can come here when
+			// we've already drained the channel through
+			//		case <-monotonicClockTimer.C
+			// in the `for` loop below.
+			select {
+			case <-monotonicClockTimer.C:
+			default:
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Set up a ticker so that we're guaranteed to wake up periodically.
+	// We'll then get the current wall-clock time and check ourselves
+	// whether we're past the requested expiration time.
+	// Pick a 10 second check interval by default since it's rare that
+	// suspend/resume is done more frequently.
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(envconst.Duration("ZREPL_WALLCLOCKTIMER_MAX_DELAY", 10*time.Second))
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-monotonicClockTimer.C:
+			return nil
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			now := time.Now()
+			if now.Before(sleepUntil) {
+				// Continue waiting.
+
+				// Reset the monotonic timer to reset drift.
+				if !monotonicClockTimer.Stop() {
+					<-monotonicClockTimer.C
+				}
+				monotonicClockTimer.Reset(time.Until(sleepUntil))
+
+				continue
+			}
+			return nil
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+}